top of page

Cardiovascular

  • Hypertension

    • Hypertensive retinopathy – changes to blood vessels

  • Arteriosclerosis

  • Atherosclerosis

    • Changes to blood vessels, underlying causes of artery and vein occlusions (anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy)

  • Hyperlipidaemia (greater chance of hard exudates in diabetic retinopathy)

  • Embolic phenomena

    • These two can also cause artery and vein occlusions

  • Retinal vascular occlusion:

    • CRAO central retinal artery occlusion

    • BRAO branch retinal artery occlusion

      • These are essentially strokes; treated with referral for stroke review

    • CRVO central retain vein occlusion

    • BRVO branch retinal vein occlusion

  • Anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy (AION)

  • Hypertensive retinopathy

bottom of page